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BULLETIN OF SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION - NR.20 / 2010

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1. THE EFFECTS OF USING FERTILIZERS TO WHEAT CROPS

 
Cotianu Razvan Daniel
Bioterra University of Bucharest
 
Abstract:
It is extremely important to achieve optimum economic fertilizer management.
Worldwide use “response factors” of fertilizers, resulted in an additional quantity of products produced per kg fertilizer product supplement. It varies between 8 and 12 kg of cereals. While production increases are achieved, these costs remain prohibitive, especially for import dependent countries. Among winter wheat crops are reacting positively to the application of fertilizers in all climatic conditions in Romania.
 
Key words: fertilizers, efficiency, nitrogen
 

2. NEW TANNING AGENTS BASED ON TITANIUM AND ZIRCONIUM

Marian Crudu1, Viorica Deselnicu1, Mihaela Costache2, Floarea Nicolae2, Mehmet Mete Mutlu3, Gurbuz Gulumser 3, Behzat Oral Bitlisli3, Bahri Basaran3, Arife Candas Adiguzel Zengin3
1 National Research and Development Institute for Textile and Leather of Bucharest
2 Bioterra University of Bucharest
3 EGE University of Izmir
 
Abstract:
This paper presents the study of new solid complexes of Ti(IV) and Zr(IV) derived from the interaction of TiOSO4 • 2H2O and ZrOCl2 • 8H2O with C4H5NO3 (n-hydroxysuccinimide) in central atom:ligand combination ratio of 1:1 and 1:2. To characterize the new compounds in solid state, specific methods have been used: infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, thermodynamic analysis to establish the structure and possibilities of use in leather processing. It has been established that Ti(IV) complexes make up structures by hexacoordination and Zr(IV) makes up dodecahedral structures.
 
Key words: Ti(IV) complexes, Zr(IV)complexes, X-ray diffraction, TG/TGA.
 

3. TREATMENT PROCEDURE FOR TANNERIES SLUDGE

Gabriel Zainescu1, Floarea Nicolae2, Mihaela Costache2, Eugen Albu3, Lucia Sandru4, Rodica Constantinescu1, Voicu Petre5
 1 National R&D Institute for Textile and Leather of Bucharest
2 Bioterra University of Bucharest
3 Pielorex S.A of Bucharest
4 Research Institute of Plants Protection Bucharest
5 National Research and Development Institute for Pedology, Agrochemistry and Environmental Protection of Bucharest
 
Abstract:
The paper refers to biochemical treatment and enrichment of sludge from tannery
wastewater treatment for use in agriculture as fertilizer to grow crop plants and enhancer for conditioning or remediation of degraded soils. Sludge resulted from treatment of wastewater from leather processing contains: organic and inorganic substances and elements such as nitrogen, calcium, sulphur, iron, sodium, etc. In order for the sludge resulted from purification of wastewaters from tanneries to be used as fertilizer in agriculture, it must not contain trivalent chromium. Therefore, this paper presents a procedure of purifying residual floats in the leather tanning phase. Thus, the content of trivalent chromium ions is reduced from 4.5-7g/l to 0.01-0.2 g/l solution from leather tanning. In the final sludge from tannery wastewater purification, the content of trivalent chromium is very much diluted, reaching values below the limit imposed by national and international standards. The development of a technological scheme for obtaining sludge to be used in agriculture is based on the following processes: sludge neutralization and dehydration; sterilization; biochemical treatment and sludge enrichment from treatment with elements necessary for plant growth and bioremediation of soil.
 
Key words: sludge, wastewaters, tannery, polymers, soil.
 

4. BIOPOLYMERS SYSTEMS FROM LEATHER WASTES FOR AGRICULTURE

Gabriel Zainescu1, Mihaela Costache2, Floarea Nicolae2, Voicu Petre3, Rodica Constantinescu1, Lucia Sandru4, Olga Vizitiu3, Emil Barna5
1 National R&D Institute for Textile and Leather of Bucharest
2 Bioterra University of Bucharest
3 National R&D Institute for Pedology, Agrochemistry and Environmental Protection of Bucharest
4 Research Institute of Plants Protection of Bucharest
5 University of Bucharest
 
Abstract:
A large number of tanneries are facing serious problems regarding waste disposal,
the more so as their storage in landfills leads to negative effects on the ecosystem. Organic biopolymers are a source of raw material for agriculture, whereas the composition of protean wastes provides sufficient elements to improve the composition and remediation of degraded soils and plants can exploit some elements, such as nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium etc As a result of the existing large quantities of organic waste, it is known from technological practice that from processing one tonne of raw hide, 75% is discarded, of which
50% can be used as organic fertilizer. Protean biopolymers were obtained by means of an innovative enzymatic procedure of processing protean waste, which in combination with other polymers (polyacrylamide, acrylic, maleic, cellulose, starch, etc.) will be used in agriculture. This scientific paper presents the characterization of protean biopolymers by methods specific for morpho-structural analysis (UV-VIS, IR spectroscopy, thermal analyses, X-ray diffraction, microscopy, etc.).The novelty of this work is this process of biochemical combination of synthetic polymers with organic biopolymers from tanneries with applications in agriculture.
 
Key words: biopolymer, protean wastes, tannery, soil, structural analysis.
 

5. ENTROPY A WAY OF MEASURING THE BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF FOOD

Ioana-Claudia Mencinicopschi1, Nicole Livia Atudosiei2, Gheorghe Mencinicopschi3
1 University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest
2 Bioterra University of Bucharest
3 Institute of Food Research Bucharest
 
Abstract:
Elements of both the quantum and the over-atomic Universe form an aliment, thus
making it subject to their laws, and transforming it into an information-bearer which generates high or low entropy depending on its quality. The information within food is, in fact, the most profound and important characteristic regarding its quality, as it determines the nutritional effect and the biological value of that certain food. Therefore, this study aims to change our perception considering aliments and their importance in our lives.
 
Key words: entropy, Value-Entropy Theory (TVE), food’s informational matrix, food’s intrinsic and extrinsic quality, food’s nutritional profile.
 

6. PRODUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF ORGANIC PIG LIVESTOCK

Pistoia A., Mani D., Balestri G., Poli P., Casarosa L., Bondi G., Ferruzzi G.
University of Pisa
 
Abstract:
After about 20 years from EC Reg 1804/99 consumers increased their interest in the organic livestock production. The safety of food associated with the organoleptic characteristics of products and for the greater farmers sensitivity towards natural environment, caused this interest. Organic pig livestock, compared with the others, has had difficult to spread for excessive increases of production costs due to Community legislation. According to the latest official census, organic pigs in the EU in 2008 were about 600.000 units, just 0.64% of the pigs reared in conventional breed and they are distributed mainly in the Nordic countries.
The yield of organic pig livestock depends on several factors like race and rearing technique (“en plain air” or grazing). In this work we report production parameters results about 12 castrated LW male pigs reared on organic pasture. These results were compared with those obtained in conventional breed using the same race. During the trial were also studied some aspects of environmental impact caused by grazing pig. Results show that organic grazing pigs have lowest growing (entire productive cycle: 0.420 vs 0.700 kg/head/d) and worst food conversion ratios (entire productive cycle: 4.80 vs 3.40 kg DM/WG) compared to pigs reared in intensive system. For this reason organic grazing pig, chosen for the production of sausages, must be slaughtered at weights not exceeding 140kg. Grazing pig must be made by rational criteria because these animals cause considerable damages to herbaceous and shrub vegetation, but especially to the soil that affected important
degradation even respecting the animal density provided by biological regulation.
 
Key words: organic breeding, swine, environmental impact, productive performances
 

7. SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS MICROCAL ORIGIN FOR POLYNOMIAL INTERPOLATION IN RHYTHM OF ACCUMULATION A DRY MATTER OF VINE

Marian Nicolae, Adrian Dulugeac, Elena Nicolae, Simona Dulugeac, Mariana Marica, Cătălin Galan
Bioterra University of Bucharest
 
Abstract:
The dedicated software having in background a powerful matematichal apparatus
(specially numerical methods with informathical saucer) was revolution experimental research, having the posibility important anticipation, completing the colection rare data which obtain occasionally with difficulty. Using numerical simulation can find formulas for calculating (based on a collection of experimental data) using the media as a powerful Matlab programming, LabVIEW, Microcal
Origin eliminating many experimental calculations difficult to get. If we compare the results between the two modes of working (and experimental data) shows that the interpolation methods used: spline, cubic, linear, polynomial (on different degrees until 10 degree) have very small errors, the degree pof fidelity is almost 100% (95% and 98%). By getting expression of mathematical functions and values with average temperatures during certain periods of time (for example, the average for the past 60 years) we can predict the development of biorithm by predictions of the accumulation of dry matter without further recourse to dense experimental
calculations.
 
Key words: numerical methods, anticipation, colection data, approximation, interpolation, simulation, process phases.
 

8. NEW EUROPEAN LEGISLATIVE STIPULATIONS REGARDING THE NOTION OF ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE QUALITY OF FOOD PRODUCT

Galan Catalin, Dumitrescu Carmen, Caretu Georgeta, Atudosiei Nicole-Livia
Bioterra University of Bucharest
 
Abstract:
The paper makes an analysis of the main European legislative standards regarding
ecological agriculture, increasing new stipulation adopted through the rule nr. 271, from 24th of March, 2010. In accordance with the new stipulations, consumers who buy ecological products marked by E. U.’s logo may believe that: least of 95% of ingredients have been made by methods and technologies agreed by the notion of ecological agriculture; product respects rules of official scheme of inspection; product proceeds direct from the producer or processor in a sealed package; product has the name of its producer, processor or seller and name or code of the organism which inspects and certifies.
 
Key words: ecological agriculture, G.M.O., Rules (E.U.) nr.271/2010, label of ecological products.
 

9. STUDY OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIMIZED VITICOL PHENOCALENDAR (T.O.V.P.) OF VINE

Marian Nicolae, Mariana Marica, Livia Nicole Atudosiei, Adrian Dulugeac, Elena Nicolae
Bioterra University of Bucharest
 
Abstract:
The fenoclimated researchs on the sorts vifera (vineyard region of Drăgăşani) had as result the determination of dried substance’s acumulation on the trunk and the elaboration of technological optimized viticol calendar (TOVP). Therewith it was establised the biophysical relation between thermal active gradient or the fenologichal evolution and the dried substance’s accumulation on the sprig (wood, leafes, raisins).
 
Key words: bioritm, dried substance’s accumulation, active temperature, phenophase, technological, viticol optimized calendar (TOVP)
 

10. BOTULISM FOOD TRANSMISSION BY A POSSIBLE BIOTERRORIST ATTACK

Androne Roxana, Atudosiei Nicole Livia, Marica Mariana Daniela
Bioterra University of Bucharest
 
Abstract:
Botulism also known as botulinus intoxication is a rare but serious paralytic illness
caused by botulinum toxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum under anaerobic conditions. The toxin enters the body in one of four ways: by colonization of the digestive tract by the bacterium in children (infant botulism) or adults (adult intestinal toxemia), by ingestion of toxin from foods (foodborne botulism) or by contamination of a wound by the bacterium (wound
botulism). All forms lead to paralysis that typically starts with the muscles of the face and then spreads towards the limbs. In severe forms, it leads to paralysis of the breathing muscles and causes respiratory failure. In view of this life-threatening complication, all suspected cases of botulism are treated as medical emergencies, and public health officials are usually involved to prevent further cases from the same source. Botulism can be prevented by killing the spores by cooking at 121 °C (250 °F) for 3 minutes or providing conditions that prevent the spores from growing. Additional precautions for infants include not feeding them honey.
 
Key words: botulism, bacterium, honey
 

11. ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO A HEALTHY DIET FOR THE POPULATION

Androne Roxana, Marica Mariana Daniela, Atudosiei Nicole Livia, Poparlan Alina Maria
Bioterra University of Bucharest
 
Abstract:
Also known as organic farming, organic or biodynamic farming is a production
method that takes into account traditional knowledge of farmers and which integrates technical progress in all areas of agronomy. It can respond fully to social and environmental concerns, providing quality products to consumers, both rich and poor countries. The role of organic agriculture to produce food is much cleaner, suitable for human body’s metabolism but in perfect correlation with environmental conservation and development in respect for nature and its laws. One of the main goals of organic farming is the production of food with taste, texture and authentic and attractive qualities. These foods are obtained in the stage production at the farm through strict prohibition of the use of genetically modified
organisms (GMOs and their derivatives) and the severe restrictions on the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, growth regulators and the promoters, hormones, antibiotics and intensive systems livestock. Ground maintenance agrobiologists given particular attention to everything because they believe that the balance of this complex and depends on the living environment of plants, animals and people.
 
Key words: organic agriculture, compost, production of food with taste
 

12. GLOBAL WARMING AND TOURISM

Stan Petrescu
Bioterra University of Bucharest
 
Abstract:
Tourism is a very important activity: economical, social and holistic; it must
contribute to increase the satisfaction of those practicing it, organizing it, supporting it and it helps lead to the development of regions, investment interest, to be based on value, team-work and networking and be customer oriented, offering and demanding projects. It must not be rigid and unimaginative, but must to be variated because the diversification trend leads to evolution and improves relations between people.

Key words: concept of tourism; green turism; ecological processes; climate change; global warming; environment; biodiversity.