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BULLETIN OF SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION - NR.17 / 2009

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1. RESEARCH OF THE FOLIAGE DISEASES OF GRAPEVINE WITH LOW INPUT OF PESTICIDES

Corfu Gabriela, Cotianu Razvan Daniel, Carstocea Cristina, Marica Mariana
Bioterra University of Bucharest
 
Abstract:
Advances in knowledge of epidemiology have paved the way for improved disease control. Low fungicide input strategies have been developed for powdery mildew (Uncinula necator) and downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola). The foundation of these strategies is to apply fungicides when disease levels are low and stop the epidemics before they gain momentum. This relies upon a „clean vineyard” approach where disease carryover is minimised each season. In so doing, there is a strong reliance upon monitoring of the vineyard and the weather to predict/determine the occurrence of primary infection events.
 
Key words : Uncinula necator, Plasmopara viticola, grapevine, pesticides.
 

2. CONTENTS OF RESVERATROL IN WINE OF ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL VINEYARDS

Cotianu Razvan Daniel, Atudosiei Nicole Livia, Nicolae Laura Elena
Bioterra University of Bucharest
 
Abstract:
Phytoalexins are compounds synthesised by plants in response to various stresses. In grapevines, these compounds belong to the stilbene family. Several studies have shown that resveratrol is usually triggered by infection of berries by Botrytis cinerea. In organic viticulture, grapevines are usually more stressed by attempted or successful infections of various pathogens than in conventionally grown grapevines. The preliminary results will be used as a starting point for further research of quality aspects of organic grape-vine production.
 
Key words: resveratrol, wine, grapevines, Botrytis cinerea.
 

3. ORGANIC FARMING IN THE NATURAL PARKS OF TUSCANY

Migliorini P.¹, Martini A.², Lorenzini G.²
¹ Università degli Studi di Scienze Gastronomiche
² Dipartimento di Scienze Zootecniche, Università di Firenze, Italy
 
Abstract:
This paper explain why and how to develop organic agriculture in Protected Areas of Tuscany. Although it could seem obvious, there are many obstacles that need to be removed in order that the rural territory rich of natural and human activities can be protected, conserve and valorised by the development of organic agriculture. A pilot project, coordinated by the Tuscan Association of Organic Producers and financed by ARSIA, provided to the rural farmers of Protected Areas information, exchange of knowledge, economic opportunity and to consumers and Park visitors promotion of farms activities and of organic products of this areas. The project was carried out in two steps: 1997/2001 and 2004/2008. In 1997/2001 involved the 3 Parks of ‘Alpi Apuane’, ‘Maremma’, and ‘Migliarino, San Rossore, and Massaciuccoli’. In 2004/2008 The objective of the project was to convert into organic agriculture farms inside 11 areas of Tuscany and to support those who already adopted this method.
 
Key words: organic farming, organic agriculture, Tuscany.
 

4. THE EVOLUTION OF SHEEP MILK PRODUCTION ON NATIONAL AND WORLD
PLAN DURING TO 1995-2007 PERIOD

Strasser C.¹, Răducuţă I.², Strasser H.¹, Bucătaru T.¹
¹ Bioterra University of Bucharest
² University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest
 
Abstract:
The worldwide production of sheep's milk trend is to maintain the current level or a slight increase over its 2007 level, due to the increasing needs of the population for these nutritious sorts of cheese with a special flavor provided from this type of milk. In Romania the production of sheep's milk is only 8.2% of the total milk, being insignificant compared to that of cows (91.3%), having however an upward trend evolution in the last decade. The current share of livestock and productions of this species in Europe is far from the real possibilities of Romania, the only parameter which is optimal from this point of view being the milk production.
 
Key words: sheep’s milk, sheep exploitation, milk production.
 

5. TWENTY YEARS OF GRAPEVINE VIROLOGY FOR A SUSTAINABLE VITICULTURE AT NRDIBH ŞTEFĂNEŞTI-ARGEŞ

Strasser Horatiu¹, Marica Mariana1, Vişoiu Emilia², Buciumeanu Elena², Guţă Ionela², Popescu Carmen Florentina², Stoian Remus¹, Lazin Valentina¹
1 Bioterra University of Bucharest
2 National Research and Development Institute for Biotechnology in Horticulture, Romania
 
Abstract:
Viticulture represents an important part of agriculture in Romania. The improvement of native and international cultivars and clones by sanitary selection, detecting the viruses using advanced methods and developing the virus elimination techniques is essential for a sustainable viticulture. It is wellknown that a virus-infected plant decays after 4-5 years of growing, depending on genotype, type of virus/viruses, environment conditions and applied technology. A virus disease reduces the grape yield till 80%, also affecting the fruit quality (the accumulation of carbohydrates-sweetness of fresh fruits, or the alcoholic content of the wine, and the commercial aspects of the grapes). The plantations with healthy plant material have a longer exploitation period at the specific quantitative and qualitative parameters and needs lower costs for nutrients, pesticides treatments and maintenance. The activity for sanitary selection and virus elimination in vineyards
has to be done in according to the national planning material capacity and based on
the certification scheme used in countries having a major contribution to European
grape production. The program initiated for obtaining virus-free grapevine plants
was constantly developed over the last years due to the increasing number of cultivars and clones needed to be available as healthy material. According to the certification scheme followed by laboratory, the testing for virus detection was carried out by using herbaceous test plant and indexing on woody plant indicators and starting on 1993 by ELISA test. So, in this moment are detected the most economically important grapevine viruses: fanleaf + arabis mosaic (GFLV+ArMV), leafroll associated virus serotypes 1, 2, 3 (GLRaV-1, 2, 3), fleck
(GFkV), virus A (GVA). These biological and biochemical tests for virus detection
in combination with heat treatment and/or in vitro culture for virus elimination were the main procedures for obtaining virusfree plants which were used to establish a germplasm collection. In this moment the national grapevine germplasm collection contains 224 cultivars and clones (95 are native cultivars and 33 are autochthonous clones obtained from international cultivars) which are morphological and molecular authentified and periodically verified for their phytosanitary status, according to the European standards. This plant material represents a national fortune that could be used either as starting material for propagation and planting, or as plant material in studies concerning genetic variability of characters, adaptability to environment, and parental plants in
breeding programs.
 
Key words: grapevine virology, ELISA test, tests for virus detection, in vitro culture.
 

6. THE TENDENCES REGARDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGROTOURISM IN ROMANIA

Oncioiu Florin Razvan, Chirita Sorin
University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest
 
Abstract:
This paper examines the challenge faced by Romania to develop its agrotourism sector. We identify such context may be external factors such as world political situation and tourist income. They also come from internal factors such as the quality of the object, the services of the local people and the quality of access to
the agrotourist sites. In this paper we report the strength and weaknesses of the internal factors based on the survey at the sites, the key players in the agrotourist business and the local tourist operators formulate correct policy to raise the sectors. This policy had some positive impacts on the practice of local government in providing services including the agrotourist sector. However, the need to increase the local government revenue could bring the development policy oriented towards short-listed policy of the local government. Such policy endangers the growth of the agrotourist sector in the future.
 
Key words: agrotourist sector, rural economies, natural attractions.
 

7. TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF E-SERVICES FOR TOURISM IN ROMANIAN
BUSINESS ECOSYSTEM

Suciu Cristian Dan¹, Moisescu Mihnea Alexandru², Sacala Ioan Stefan²
¹ Bioterra University of Bucharest
² Politechnique University of Bucharest
 
Abstract:
The development and integration of tourism oriented e-services in Romania is
becoming “a must” in order to a part of the European Tourism Business Ecosystem. In this paper, the authors discus the benefits of introducing e-Services that consider the specific needs of tourism oriented small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The integration of such e-services becomes a mean to sustain a solid development of Romanian tourism.
 
Key words: e-services, ecosystem, tourism, mediumsized enterprises (smes).
 

8. RECENT ADVANCES IN THE WORLD ENOLOGICAL RESEARCH APPLICATIONS
IN THE ROMANIAN WINEMAKING INDUSTRY. IMPLICATION ON THE HUMAN HEALTH AND ON THE ENVIRONMENT

Croitoru Constantin
Food Research Institute, assigned at the Sodinal România SRL Company
 
Abstract:
Recent advances are related to the field of biological products and of tannins. Enzymatic products with protheolitic activities used to combat the Botrytis cinerea mould have been developed as well as formulas aimed at distroying the Brettanomyces yeasts. Selection of yeast strains capable of multiplication on grape
must has been achieved, conferring them a better adaptability to the fermentative
environment. Commercial formulas have been tested consisting of co-cultures of
3-4 strains of Oenococcus oeni which respond more efficiently to the the attack
of bacteriophages, but also strains that retain their cellular viability at positive
temperatures (1- 7 oC). The achievement of a tannin proanthocyanidolic attached
to an ethanal molecule that can stabilize rapidly and efficiently the colour of red
wines even from the prefermentative stage has been licensed. All these products have been successfully tested în Romania by the Sodinal company.
 
Key words: enological research, winemaking industry, botrytis cinerea, brettanomyces, oenococcus oeni, tannin proanthocyanidolic.
 

9. TOWARDS THE APPLICATION OF INTELLIGENT PACKAGING IN ROMANIAN FOOD INDUSTRY

Suciu Cristian Dan¹, Moisescu Mihnea Alexandru², Sacala Ioan Stefan², Marica Mariana1
¹ Bioterra University of Bucharest
² Politechnique University of Bucharest
 
Abstract:
Intelligent packaging is becoming a necessity to assure quality and safety regulations in the European Food Industry. The use of communication functions to enhance packaging properties becomes a necessity to facilitate decision making, quality control and Supply Chain Management. In this paper the authors propose a model, sustained by a case study, for adapting the intelligent package concept to the Romanian Food Industry.
 
Key words: European Food Industry, quality control, alimentary product.
 

10. REFORMULATIONS IN THE GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE IMPLEMENTATION

Ionescu Alexandru, Cartianu Ortansa
Ecomondia Company, România
 
Abstract:
Sustainable development, a global project of all nations, needs special scientific rigors in formulating terms and methods. Ecological agriculture is defined as being a modern agriculture that uses the entire arsenal of modern civilization and technique, in order to obtain big quantities of healthy food, keeping the environment safe. It can be applied everywhere, it is ubiquitous, adapting to any soil and climatic conditions. Paperwork contains aspects regarding organizing of farms, genetic material to be used, technologies, quality of labor force, steps of the strategies and international cooperation.
 
Key words: ecological agriculture, sustainable development, superior quality products.
 

11. A PRELIMINAR ECOLOGICAL APPROACH IN THE DESIGN AND OPERATION
OF A FULL-SCALE BIOREMEDIATION SYSTEM

Masciandaro G.¹, Fantoni E.², Macci C.¹, Doni S.¹, Peruzzi E.¹, Ceccanti B.¹
1 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) – Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi (ISE), Pisa, Italy
2 Comune San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
 
Abstract:
Different plant species (Populus nigra (var.italica), Paulownia tomentosa, Cytisus scoparius), earthworms (Eisenia foetida), and organic matter (horse manure) were used as an ecological approach to bioremediate a soil historically contaminated by heavy metals and hydrocarbons. The experiment was carried out at mesoscale level using plots containing about 90 kg of soil. The plant species were able to grow in the polluted soil and to improve the soil bio-physical conditions especially when organic matter and earthworms were applied. Populus nigra and Paulownia tomentosa were the more efficient plant species in the reduction of heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni), while earthworms were particularly able to stimulate the processes involved in the decontamination of organic pollutants (hydrocarbons). The ecological approach validated at mesoscale level has recently been transferred at a real scale situation to carry out the bioremediation of a polluted soil located in San Giuliano Terme Municipality (Pisa, Italy).
 
Key words: bioremediation system, soil pollution, organic matter, Populus nigra, Paulownia tomentosa.
 

12. NUTRIENT POLLUTION

Pîrvulescu Mihaela, Marica Mariana
Bioterra University of Bucharest
 
Abstract:
Although the phenomenon of nutrient pollution can be studied using models from the environmental sciences, understanding both the human causes and the human effects of nutrient pollution requires a study of economics. The economic dimensions of the problem of nutrient over-enrichment and the role that economics can and should play in the evaluation and design of policies to reduce nutrient pollution relate to understanding the causes of nutrient pollution, setting targets for reduction or improvement, and designing policies to meet those targets. We summarize the incentives created by alternative policy approaches, including
both voluntary approaches (based on education, subsidies, and implicit threats
of more stringent policies) and mandatory approaches (such as regulations, taxes, and marketable permits).
 
Key words: nutrient pollution, ecological impacts, nutrient over-enrichment.